CORE COURSES:

BİO 101: General Biology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course provides students with an in-depth knowledge of the principles and applications of general biology. Topics include biochemistry, genetics, metabolism, living things, ecology, ecosystems, living kingdoms and biodiversity of living things.

BİO 105: Botany 1 (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course provides an introduction to the classification, relationships, structure, and function of simple plants. Topics include taxonomy, physiology, cell structure, tissues and organs, reproduction of non-vascular or non-seed plants.

BİO 205: Botany 2 (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO 105

Topics to be covered are the structure and function of plant cells, tissues, and organs such as roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of vascular plants. Concepts of biological evolution and classification, the diversity of plants and plant-like organisms, genetics, genetic selection, and ecology.

BİO 201: Zoology 1 (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course provides an introduction to the classification, relationships, structure, and function of invertebrates animals. Topics include biological evolution, unicellular organisms – protozoa, multicellular animals, structures and characteristics of the selected phyla.

BİO 202: Zoology 2 (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO 201

Topics to be covered the classification, relationships, structure, and function of vertebrates animals. Students will learn about vertebrates animals' taxonomy, morphology, identification, physiology, behavior, ecology, etc.

BİO 215: Cytology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course will present you with a detailed overview of cell biology. Cell biology includes studying the structure and function of cells, cell organization, gene expression, cell membrane structure, life cycle, signaling pathways, and metabolic processes.

BİO 220: Histology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO 215

The principal objective of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the function of tissues. Topics to be covered the introduction to basic histological techniques, microscopic structure of tissues, tissues: concept and classification, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, integumentary system, digestive system, etc.

BİO 225: Plant Physiology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO 205

This course will examine the key concepts of plant physiology. Topics will include the structure and function of plant cells, energy and enzymes, photosynthesis, growth and development, water transport, mineral nutrition, and plant metabolism.

BİO301: Biochemistry (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: CHEM 208

This course explores the biochemical reactions in living organisms. Topics include biomolecules, organization and structure of cells, water, pH and Ionic equilibria, amino acids, proteins, the structure of proteins, nucleic acids and their metabolism, lipids and membranes, carbohydrates, enzymes.

BİO305: Human and Animal Physiology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO 202

The course explores the different systems and processes at work in the human and animal body. Topics to be covered the fundamentals of physiology, nutrition, feeding, and digestion, the structure of organs, human and animal metabolisms, energy transport, enzymes, and ecology.

BİO310: Human Anatomy (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

Anatomy is one of the fundamental subjects for anyone considering studying medicine and biology. Topics include levels of the organization, support, and movement, regulation, integration, and control, fluids and transport, energy, maintenance, and environmental exchange, human development and the continuity of life.

BİO402: Genetics and Selection (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO101

Genetics serves as a theoretical basis for selection - a science that develops methods for breeding and improving breeds of animals, plant varieties, strains of microorganisms. Topics include genetics of cells, DNA, recombination, RNA, transcription, protein translation, selection of organisms, genetic engineering, ecological genetics, genetic modification

BİO410: Microbiology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO101

Microbiology is a broad discipline that involves the study of the biology of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Topics will include the morphology and physiology of bacteria, identification of bacteria and taxonomy, bacterial genetics, microbial pathogenesis, viruses, protozoa, fungi, immunology.

BİO405: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO402

This course presents the principles of evolution, ecology, and behavior for students beginning their study of biology and of the environment. Topics include evolution, natural selection, and weedy adaptation, adaptation, macromolecules, cells, ecosystems, population, biodiversity of living organisms, and ecology of organisms.

BİO408: Molecular Biology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: BİO301

This course covers a detailed analysis of the molecular structure and function of cells. The topics covered in lectures and readings of relevant literature include gene regulation, DNA replication, genetic recombination, RNA transcription, PCR, genetic engineering, protein structure, amino acids, etc.

ELECTIVE COURSES:

BİO315: Developmental Biology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

The course covers the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate human and animal development. Topics will include mechanisms of the developmental organization, specifying identity: mechanisms of developmental patterning, differential gene expression: mechanisms of cell differentiation, stem cells: their potential and their niches, sex determination and gametogenesis, postembryonic development, development, and the environment: biotic, abiotic, and symbiotic regulation of development.

BİO325: Medical Biology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course aims to provide an introduction to the scientific basis of modern medicine and the role of biological sciences in the understanding and treatment of disease. Topics include molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, biotechnology, cell biology, embryology, physiology, pathology.

BİO111: Biophysics (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

Biophysics program is an interdisciplinary science that combines biological knowledge, fundamental principles of physics and chemistry with experimental exploration. The course provides the background needed for fundamental training in biophysics. Topics include thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems, membrane transport, nerve impulses, mechanochemical processes.

BİO330: Central Nervous System  (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

The course aims to provide an introduction to the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Topics include the structure of nerve cells, white and gray matter, spinal cord, brain, development human nervous system, etc.

BİO335: Introduction to Bioinformatics (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

The course covers the current understanding of biological databases and high-throughput data sources. Students will study to use different bioinformatics tools, analysis sequence of cells, sequence alignments.

BİO420: Immunology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

This course explores immunology, how the body defends itself from constant assault by parasites and pathogens. This course will present the structure and function of the immune system, immune response, immunodeficiency, antibodies, antigen, the function of dendritic cells, immunity etc.

BİO 435: Biometrics (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

The course explores formulating problems, planning and completing research projects in biometrics. This science of establishing the identity of a person based on physical or behavioral attributes. Topics include descriptive statistics and the normal distribution, sampling distributions and confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, one-way analysis of variance, statistical analysis of epidemiological results.

BİO430: Environmental and Biotechnology (6 ECTS)

Prerequisite: No

The course is an introduction to environmental biotechnology and focuses on the use of microbial processes in waste and water treatment and bioremediation. Topics included are environmental systems, biophile cycling, carbon biogeochemistry, environmental biochemodynamic processes, environmental risks of biotechnologies, reducing biotechnological risks, applied ecology, biotechnological implications: a systems approach.